Vesicular Diseases in Livestock with Special Reference to Foot and Mouth Disease

Many vesicular diseases are caused by viruses due to their epitheliotropic nature, which are characterized by formation of vesicles. Vesicles are found on oral mucosa, on the feet, and on the mammary glands of females. They lead to more morbidity but less mortality cases but rather lead to production and thereby economic losses to the farmers. Among vesicular disease FMD is one of the extremely contagious, acute viral disease, mainly of all cloven footed domestic animals (Coetzer et al., 1994), and also occur in wild animals characterized by fever, vesicular lesions and erosions of epithelial cells of mouth, tongue, nares, muzzle, feet and mammary glands (Jamal and Belsham, 2013). This disease leads to myocarditis in young animals, thereby early mortality in calves. It is OIE listed “A” disease because of its economic impact and was the first animal virus to be recognized.