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Received: 2Received: 20 Oct 2017 Accepted: 17 Mar 2018 : 2018 21 July1414 Abstract Introduction: In most orthodontic patients, mandibular 3 rd molars are in early stages of calcification, and prediction of eruption status would be difficult during the course of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of first premolar extraction with moderate anchorage on angular changes of third mandibular molar after orthodontic treatment. Materials & Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 50 skeletal class I patients with normal facial height were selected. The patients were divided into two groups of extraction and non-extraction treatments. The angle between 2 nd and 3 rd molars and 3 rd molar angle to mandibular plane were evaluated. Space for eruption of 3 rd molar and 3 rd molar position relative to ramus were evaluated with regard to Pell and Gregory classification. Paired T-test was used to compare the changes after treatments. Results: In both groups, 3 rd molar angle relative to mandibular plane was increased after the treatment but the difference was not significant. M2-M3 angle changed during the treatments but it was not significant (P>0.05). The retromolar space had significantly higher amounts in extraction groups after the treatment (P<0.001). In non-extraction group, there was significant increase in stage I of Pell and Gregory classification (P<0.001). In extraction group, counts of patients with no space for eruption of M3M were decreased and the difference was significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Extraction of premolars did not have any significant positive effect on mandibular 3 rd

The effect of fixed orthodontic treatment with first premolar extraction on mandibular third molars angulation and retromolar space