Evidence-based urology: how does a randomized clinical trial achieve its designed goals?

PURPOSETo discuss the methodological considerations of a standard and applicable randomized clinical trial (RCT).MATERIALS AND METHODSUsing a predefined strategy, we conducted systematic computerized search of the MEDLINE (1966 to 2011) and EMBASE (1980 to 2011) databases to identify all English language educational articles discussing the RCT methodological aspects. Full text versions of identified studies were reviewed in blinded fashion for key methodological and statistical characteristics.RESULTSRandomized clinical trials in surgery are the highest level of the primary research evidence in evidence-based medicine. There is increasing demand for implementation of RCTs in urological daily practice.CONCLUSIONRandomized clinical trials' report should be absolutely clear, simple, and easy to understand with well-defined internal and external validity. Efforts should be made to design high quality RCTs in urology. There are substantial needs for urologists to their knowledge about RCT.