Assessment of Water Quality in Some Wells of Albaha Region and its Surrounding Area, Saudi Arabia

Aim This study aimed at assessment of some physical, chemical, and bacteriological parameters of some wells in Albaha region and its surrounding area, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: Physical parameters (total dissolved solids & turbidity) were analyzed by standard conductivity turbid meter. Chemical parameters (metal ions, sulfate, nitrate, nitrite and acidity) were measured by standard spectrophotometer and pH scale. EC blue 100® screening medium was employed to test for coliform bacteria in wells water. Results: Up to 73.7% of samples exceeded the permissible limits set by Saudi standards specified for total dissolved solids, turbidity, pH, Mn, SO4 and NO3.The average pH of targeted wells is 7.98 ± 0.37 which is within the permissible range specified by national and global standards. Detected levels (mg l-1) of total dissolved solids, Fe, Mn, SO4, NO2, and NO3 were 345.04, 0.62, 0.13, 5.74, 119.90, 52.74, and 0.157 mg l-1 respectively. Mn and NO3 levels exceeded the permissible limits of Saudi and global health standards. About 36.8% of wells had a positive reaction for coliform presence by EC blue screening medium. In terms of spatial variations, no significant difference between individual sites was observed, however, sites as groups show remarkable variations in one group (SA) which had minor increases in NO2 levels compared to other sites. Correlations between SO4 & total dissolved solids, Mn & NO3, pH & total dissolved solids, SO4 & NO3, and SO4 & Mn levels were found. Interpretation: Elevated levels of studied parameters in groundwater may be linked to agricultural and animal rearing practices. Precautions are highly recommended to avoid any public health hazards in future.