DESCRIPTION OF PAIN IN NEWBORNS DURING BLOOD SAMPLING BASED ON VARIOUS PAIN MEASUREMEN

Newborns in intensive unit receives a number of invasive procedures that would causes changes in sensitizationof pain and possible long-term effects on child’s subsequent developmental period. This encourages the need for pain measurement that could reflect the actual pain responses especially in blood sampling.The purpose of this review is to overview pain responses in newborns receiving procedures invasive of blood sampling using advance pain measurement. Literature search was conducted through three online database, namely EBSCO (CINAHL and MEDLINE), Scopus, and Wiley, within related keyword applied are invasive procedure, neonate, newborn, pain assessment and pain intensity. Twelve articles were identified for critical review. This literature study provides an overview of responses to blood collection procedures through measurements of behavioral and skin conductance activities in neonates. Pain response with behavioral measurement shows the range of mild-moderate pain in the procedure of blood sampling through peripheral veins, the range of moderate-severe pain in heel pricking, and the range of severe pain in arterial blood sampling. Skin conductance measurement reflect sympathetic activity to pain stimulus through sweat gland activity in the superficial layer of the skin, and is expected to be an objective method of pain measurement for neonates in clinical practice.