Measurement of Spin Structure Function G(1) for Proton and Deuteron in the Resonance Region

Experiment E143 at SLAC measured the proton and deuteron spin structure functions g{sub 1}{sup p}, g{sub 2}{sup p}, g{sub 1}{sup d} and g{sub 2}{sup d} using polarized electrons at beam energies of 29, 16, and 9.7 GeV incident on polarized {sup 15}NHY{sub 3} and {sup 15}ND{sub 3} targets. Two spectrometers detected the scattered electrons at the angles 4.5{sup o} and 7.0{sup o}, covering a kinematic range of x > 0.03 and 0.3 < Q{sup 2} < 10 GeV{sup 2}. Data taken at 9.7 GeV contain information on the nucleon resonances (W{sup 2} < 4 GeV{sup 2}) at Q{sup 2} {approx} 0.5 and Q{sup 2} {approx} 1.2 GeV{sup 2}. This dissertation describes the experiment and the analysis of the resonance data which yields results for g{sub 1}{sup p} and g{sub 1}{sup d}. These results are combined with previously published E143 deep-inelastic data at higher W{sup 2} to extract the integrals {Lambda}{sub 1}{sup p}(Q{sup 2}) {triple_bond} {integral}{sub 0}{sup 1} g{sub 1}{sup p}(x,Q{sup 2})dx and {Lambda}{sub 1}{sup d}(Q{sup 2}) {triple_bond} {integral}{sub 0}{sup 1} g{sub 1}{sup d}(x,Q{sup 2})dx. This provides the first accurate information on the low-Q{sup 2} evolution of {Lambda}{sub 1} toward the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn limit at Q{sup 2} = 0.