Atomic-scale characterization of hydrogenated amorphous-silicon films and devices. Annual subcontract report, 15 April 1994--14 March 1998

The research is concerned with improving the electronic properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films and of photovoltaic (PV) cells that use these films. Two approaches toward this goal are being taken. One is to establish the character of silicon particle growth in the rf glow discharges that are used to make the films and PV cells, and to understand the particle incorporation into the films. The ultimate goal of this effort is to find mitigation techniques that minimize the particle incorporation. During this contract period the authors have developed a novel particle light-scattering technique that provides a detailed and sensitive diagnostic of small (8-60 nm diameter) particles suspended in the discharge. The authors have used this to measure the particle growth rates and densities, versus conditions in pure-silane discharges. The second program is directed toward measuring the electronic properties of thin-film PV cells, as a function of depth within the cell. The approach being taken is to use a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to measure the depth-dependent electronic properties of cross-sectioned PV cells. During the present period, measurements on single and tandem amorphous silicon cells have been carried out. Using STM current-voltage spectroscopy, these measurements distinguish the boundaries between the highly-conducting and intrinsic layers, as well as the chemical potential versus depth in the cell