EFFECTS OF AT ATOMIC EXPLOSION ON GROUP AND FAMILY TYPE SHELTERS

Two underground shelters (50-man capacity), one open and one closed, were exposed to Apple I shot, and two were exposed to Apple H shot (at 1050 ft). Three basement exit shelters were exposed to Apple I shot at 1350 ft; four were exposed to Apple II shot, two at 1270 ft, and two at 1470 ft. Groups of three aboveground utility type shelters, one of masonry blocks, one of precast reinforced concrete, and one of poured-in-place reinforced concrete, were placed at concrete bathroom shelters were placed in rambler type houses at 2700 and 10500 ft from Apple II shot. Three types of basement shelters were constructed in two frame houses at 5500 and 7800 ft, and two types of basement shelters were constructed in two brick houses at 4700 and 10500 ft from the same burst. On neither shot was structural damage sustained by the large underground personnel shelters. Occupants of the closed shelter would not have been disturbed by blast, debris, or radiation. Damage to the basement exit shelters was inversely proportional to their distance from Ground Zero (GZ) and was directly proportional to the amount of opening in the entrance. The closed shelter at the greatest distance receivedmore » the least damage but was not satisfactory as a personnel shelter at the lowest pressure tested. Utility shelters provided unsatisfactory protection from radiation. All indoor family type shelters were satisfactory as tested and would have provided adequate protection for occupants. (auth)« less