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The Standard Model of particle physics has been very successful in predicting a wide range of phenomena and has so far been confirmed by all existing data to a very high precision.The work described in this thesis tests the limits of validity of the Standard Model (SM) in two areas believed to be sensitive to deviations from the theory: the observation of unpredicted particles and CP violation. The studies were performed within the framework of experiments at two hadron colliders, the future ATLAS detector scheduled for operation in 2007 at the Large Hadron Collider in Geneva and the currently running DO experiment at the Tevatron in Chicago.The tau lepton’s distinctive signature is a useful tool in many new physics searches where it is present in the final state. As a first study in ATLAS a Monte Carlo analysis of two-tau final states, which are sensitive to the underlying structure of supersymmetric models, was performed. Several extensions of the SM predict the existence of a charged Higgs boson.The major part of this thesis has consisted in using tau leptons to search for the charged Higgs in the context of the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the SM (MSSM). Results from this thesis show that searches for the H± → τντ decay channel extend the charged Higgs discovery reach for the ATLAS experiment compared to previous studies of other channels: the charged Higgs can be observed for masses up to ~ 600 GeV for tanβ > 10. Its mass can be determined with an uncertainty of 1 to 2%, dominated by statistical errors. The tanβ parameter can be derived from the absolute rate of this decay to a precision around 6% for 20 < tan β < 50.By measuring precisely the unitarity triangle parameter sin2β the SM description of CP violation can be put to a test. As a separate study a Monte Carlo analysis was performed in ATLAS, which shows that the systematic uncertainty is half the attainable statistical uncertainty. As part of the effort to search for the charged Higgs in the DO experiment a trigger algorithm for tau leptons was written, extensively tested and implemented in the experiment. Trigger strategies for events containing taus were designed. These trigger studies will be useful also for many other new physics searches at DO.

Searches for the charged Higgs at hadron colliders based on the tau lepton signature