Two Alternate High Gradient Quadrupoles; An Upgraded Tevatron IR and A"Pipe" Design

With the U.S. cancellation of the SSC project, the only large approved hadron accelerator project is CERN's LHC. One of the more critical elements in the performance of a collider is the quadrupole lens at the beam collision points. These quadrupoles, usually referred to as the 'insertion quads' normally form a set of triplets around the interaction region. Their focal power directly affects the luminosity available at the crossing point In order to achieve as high a gradient as possible, the CERN design team has proposed a very efficient high gradient quadrupole which is based on a graded four-layer winding structure. At Fermilab's Tevatron, an upgraded two layer winding quadrupole has been in operation since 1989, and has provided a 50% higher gradient than its predecessor. The quadrupole was basically state of the art when it was designed in 1985. Since then however, improvements have been made in cabling, conductor perfonnance, etc. Naturally, operation of a modernized version of this .design can provide higher capabilities. This improved two layer design can serve as an alternative to the more intricate graded four layer design now envisioned for the LHC, provided it can obtain the proposed gradient. A high gradient quadrupole with a 'pipe' layout can be considered as a possible candidate for future large collider insertion regions. It is possible to fine-tune the design to obtain a good field-quality, the conductor is well cooled in case of a large radiation heat load, and the overall structure is smaller than a conventional quadrupole with a comparable field gradient