ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS RELATED TO RATIONALIZING THE USE OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS IN THE IRTYSH LAND

This article discusses the problem of improving modern cultivated lands. For this purpose, the current scientific understanding of the essence and the system of agricultural lands has been studied. Efficient land use formula allowed to substantiate the main trends in the rationalization of cultivated lands and to suggest methodological approaches for analyzing the state of its individual components. Agricultural lands were for the first time studied on the example of the land use system in the Isilkulsky district of the Omsk region. The research showed that during the transformation of a natural landscape into an agricultural one, plant communities were mainly affected, and partly the soil cover. Classes, genera and types of cultivated lands were determined and allocated to soils and the landscape. Natural, anthropogenic and mixed processes that influence properties of cultivated lands had been shown. Agricultural production uses cultivated lands in the system of agricultural lands, crop rotations and technologies of agricultural crops’ cultivation. Assessment of the extent and kinds of modern anthropogenic impact on the components of cultivated lands showed various degrees of both mechanical and chemical effect on agricultural companies. Based on the developed scientific and methodological principles of cultivated land rationalization, there are several models of improving the state of its components. This allows ensuring the integrity and improving the efficiency of cultivated lands.