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Ultimate bearing capacity formulae for foundations are specified in the guideline published by the Architectural Institute of Japan for the design of building foundations. The rigid plastic finite element method was developed by Tamura and Ohtsuka to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of footing. Unlike deformation analysis, this method employs limited soil constants; it uses only the strength parameters of cohesion c and friction angle φ as it considers the limit state directly and disregards the deformation of the building and ground. A series of rigid plastic finite element analyses were conducted to compare the ultimate vertical and inclined bearing capacities of spread foundations between the simulation results and the theoretical formula for a two-layered clayey soil system. The change in the failure mode of the ground was discussed using the geometrical ratio between the width of the footing and the height of the surface layer. The strength ratio of the surface and second ground layer was clearly shown to affect the formation of failure mode. The applicability of the rigid plastic finite element method for the assessment of the ultimate bearing capacity of a two-layered clayey soil system was successfully demonstrated.

ASSESSING THE ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY OF FOOTING IN A TWO-LAYERED CLAYEY SOIL SYSTEM USING THE RIGID PLASTIC FINITE ELEMENT METHOD