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While extensive work has been done on the generation of adsorbents by carbonization of large polymeric structures, few works are currently available for the use of monomeric carbon molecules as precursors during carbonization. In this work we report the formation of a carbon adsorbent material from the carbonization of glucose in the presence of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle templates. Carbonization at 1,000 °C under inert atmosphere yields a product with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 1,228.19 m2/g and 14.77 nm average pore diameter. Adsorption capacities against methylene blue, 2-naphthol and bisphenol-A at pH 7 were found to be 539 mg/g, 737 mg/g and 563 mg/g, respectively. Our material demonstrates a strong fit with the Langmuir isotherm, and adsorption kinetics show regression values near unity for the pseudo-second order kinetic model. A flow adsorption column was implemented for the remediation of tap water containing 20 mg/L methylene blue and found to quantitatively purify 11.5 L of contaminated water.

Nanoparticle-templated conversion of glucose to a high surface area biocarbon for the removal of organic pollutants in water