How to treat raw sewage with constructed wetlands: an overview of the French systems | Zendy

Pascal Molle | Zendy; A. Liénard | Zendy; Catherine Boutin | Zendy; Gérard Merlin | Zendy; A. Iwema | Zendy

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How to treat raw sewage with constructed wetlands: an overview of the French systems

Author(s) -

Pascal Molle,

A. Liénard,

Catherine Boutin,

Gérard Merlin,

A. Iwema

Publication year - 2005

Publication title -

water science and technology

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 0.406

H-Index - 137

eISSN - 1996-9732

pISSN - 0273-1223

DOI - 10.2166/wst.2005.0277

Subject(s) - nitrification , sizing , kjeldahl method , wastewater , environmental science , wetland , sewage , environmental engineering , sewage treatment , constructed wetland , pollutant , ecology , chemistry , nitrogen , biology , organic chemistry

The development of vertical flow constructed wetlands treating raw wastewater in France has proved to be very successful over the last 20 years. In view of this a survey was carried out on more than 80 plants in order to study their performance and correct the design if necessary. This study shows that such systems perform well in terms of respecting the goals of both low level outlet COD and SS and nitrification. Pollutant removal performance in relation to the loads handled and the specific characteristics of the plants were investigated. Nitrification is shown to be the most sensitive process in such systems and performance in relation to sizing is discussed. Such systems, if well designed, can achieve an outlet level of 60 mg L(-1) in COD, 15 mg L(-1) in SS and 8 mg L(-1) in TKN with an area of 2 - 2.5 m2.PE(-1). The sludge deposit on the first stage must be removed after about 10-15 years.

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