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Severe water crises in Pakistan and growing demands in Afghanistan require a bilateral agreement on the Kabul River Basin (KRB) but precise stream-flow data is a critical matter. The aim of this research is to assess the stream-flow of the data-scarce transboundary Chitral-Kabul River Basin (C-KRB) in Pakistan using a hydrologic modeling approach. The HEC-HMS model was applied for predicting peak-flow and simulating runoff of the C-KRB. The model was calibrated over the period 2010–2011 (66% of all data) and validated for 2012 (33% of all data). Our findings showed that the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and R2 were 0.70 and 0.89 respectively. The simulated peak-outflow was 850 m3/s on 1 August, which was quite close to the observed peak-flow of 861 m3/s on 3 August 2012. The difference in peak-flow (Dp) was −4.45% and the deviation of runoff volume (Dv) was −26.95%. It was concluded that HEC-HMS can be applied as a rapid tool in predicting future flow using the freely accessible rainfall and snow-cover data. Furthermore, this approach can be utilized for water users, developers and planners to provide first-hand information for formulating any bilateral agreement on shared water of the KRB between Pakistan and Afghanistan.

water supply

Application of hydrological model to assess river flow in the transboundary cryosphere and data-scarce watershed, a case study: Chitral-Kabul River Basin (C-KRB) in Pakistan