Smart water grid: a review and a suggestion for water quality monitoring

Water is a valuable resource and an elixir of life. It is intimately linked to living standards around the world. Reducing water stress and conserving the resource is vital. It is the need of the hour to ameliorate conventional water resources systems to monitor water quantity and quality parameters continuously in real-time. Smart solutions play an important role in monitoring system parameters and making on-site measurements. This paper focuses on Smart Water Grid, an ingenious way to monitor and preserve the quantity and quality parameters in real-time by deploying remote sensors in the water distribution system. It presents a review of various sensors deployed, networking protocols used and cloud platforms employed in monitoring the water distribution system. The suitable networking protocols for the water distribution systems are suggested by analyzing various smart solutions. It also proposes an architecture for an IoT-based system to monitor residual chlorine concentration in the water distribution system. Smart Water Grid using Wireless Sensor Networks and the Internet of Things enables the monitoring of on-site conditions and generates alerts during abnormal conditions. It can enhance timely decision-making which will help in managing valuable water resources more efficiently.