Application of Environmetrics tools for geochemistry, water quality assessment and apportionment of pollution sources in Deepor Beel, Assam, India

The present study uses four Environmetrics tools: hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), discriminant analysis (DA), principal component analysis (PCA), and positive matrix factorization (PMF) for the assessment of water quality and geochemistry of Deepor Beel, Assam, India. The hierarchical clustering classified the 23 sampling locations into three clusters, classifying them as sites of high, low, and moderate contamination respectively. The DA of the water quality dataset resulted in 9 parameters (EC, TDS, TSS, , Na+, Mg, Cd, Pb and OrgN), primarily responsible for the discrimination of the clusters. PCA was then employed on the normalized dataset for the identification of potential pollution sources. PCA yielded two significant principal components, describing anthropogenic and natural factors defining the water contamination. Finally, PMF was employed on the dataset matrix, with four pre-defined factors. Leaching from Boragaon landfill site, surface water runoff, discharge of effluents from the industries in the wetland and discharge from Basistha River were found to be the major contributors. The results of this study provide a comprehensive correlation between water quality parameters and their sources, which would thereby assist in better planning and management of wetland restoration.