The role of water distribution networks in water supply

In water supply management it is commonly thought that consumer satisfaction depends mostly on the amount of water discharged to a network. Because of this, complaints about inadequate supply are usually blamed on insufficient production. However, a recent study by the author indicated that the water distribution and supply network is equally important. A water network modelled in EPANET2 hydraulic solver was subjected to various conditions and constraints, and its responses analyzed. For water to be supplied efficiently, and in addition to augmenting production, greater emphasis must be put on the distribution system. This must be designed and optimized appropriately, to deliver water at the required pressure and discharge. In particular, higher pressures can be obtained when larger diameter pipes are used because friction losses are reduced, thereby reducing pumping costs. One way to improve pressure is by limiting demand.