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Vibrio parahaemolyticus  is a Gram-negative halophilic marine microbe that causes gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia in humans. Since the emergence of the pandemic clone O3:K6,  V. parahaemolyticus  has become a globally well-known pathogen. In this study, 375 seawater samples collected from the Eastern coast of Saudi Arabia were tested for the presence of  V. parahaemolyticus . Three hundred and forty samples were determined positive for  V. parahaemolyticus  using traditional microbiological techniques. The genes  toxR  and  tlh  were detected via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 41 isolates from 23 samples (6%). Thermostable direct hemolysin ( tdh ) and thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin ( tdh ) are the most common virulence genes associated with  V. parahaemolyticus . As such, four isolates were  tdh  +  (1%) and another four were  trh + (1%). No evidence of pandemic clones was detected using group-specific PCR. Samples were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against 28 agents. The vast majority of samples exhibited high resistance to carbenicillin (98%), ampicillin (88%), and cephalothin (76%). The multiple antibiotics resistance index was u003e0.2 for 35% of the isolates. The results of this study confirm the presence of  V. parahaemolyticus  in the Eastern coast of Saudi Arabia. This is the first report of  tdh + and  trh + isolates from this area.

journal of water and health

Isolation, molecular characterization, and antibiotic resistance patterns of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from coastal water in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia