Implementation of pressure reduction valves in a dynamic water distribution numerical model to control the inequality in water supply

The analysis of water distribution networks has to take into account the variability of users’ water\uddemand and the variability of network boundary conditions. In complex systems, e.g. those\udcharacterized by the presence of local private tanks and intermittent distribution, this variability\udsuggests the use of dynamic models that are able to evaluate the rapid variability of pressures and\udflows in the network. The dynamic behavior of the network also affects the performance of valves\udthat are used for controlling the network. Pressure Reduction Valves (PRVs) are used for controlling\udpressure and reducing leakages. Highly variable demands can produce significant fluctuation of the\udPRV set point, causing related transient phenomena that propagate through the network and may\udresult in water quality problems, unequal distribution of resources among users, and premature wear\udof the pipe infrastructure. A model was developed in previous studies and an additional module for\udpressure control was implemented able to analyze PRVs in a fully dynamic numerical framework. The\udmodel was demonstrated to be robust and reliable in the implementation of pressure management\udareas in the network. The model was applied to a district of the Palermo network (Italy). The district\udwas monitored and pressure as well as flow data were available for model calibration