Nitrate removal from groundwater: a review of natural and engineered processes | Zendy

Solomon K. M. Huno | Zendy; Eldon R. Rene | Zendy; Eric D. van Hullebusch | Zendy; Ajit P. Annachhatre | Zendy

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Nitrate removal from groundwater: a review of natural and engineered processes

Author(s) -

Solomon K. M. Huno,

Eldon R. Rene,

Eric D. van Hullebusch,

Ajit P. Annachhatre

Publication year - 2018

Publication title -

journal of water supply research and technology—aqua

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 0.377

H-Index - 50

eISSN - 1365-2087

pISSN - 0003-7214

DOI - 10.2166/aqua.2018.194

Subject(s) - nitrate , groundwater , environmental science , environmental remediation , groundwater remediation , groundwater pollution , environmental engineering , natural (archaeology) , environmental chemistry , aquifer , contamination , chemistry , ecology , engineering , geology , geotechnical engineering , organic chemistry , biology , paleontology

Nitrate contamination of groundwater is a global issue that has stimulated significant research interest. Understanding the prevailing processes of nitrate removal from groundwater, influences of process conditions and the performance of various approaches are vital for successfully dealing with nitrate remediation. Natural and engineered processes of nitrate removal from groundwater are discussed with focus on the performance of natural and engineered innovative techniques for nitrate removal from groundwater. Nitrate removal from groundwater can be accomplished through microbial autotrophic and heterotrophic mechanisms in the subsurface under natural and engineered conditions. The application of these processes to in-situ and ex-situ nitrate removal is also discussed in this review. Further, the effect of temperature, pH, electron donor and biogeochemistry on groundwater nitrate removal are elaborated. While natural attenuation processes result in small amounts of nitrate removal from groundwater, engineered processes are able to achieve significantly higher nitrate removal from groundwater. However, the challenges of secondary pollution need to be addressed in adopting these technologies for groundwater treatment

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