A review of lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma

Lenalidomide (also known as Revlimid((R)), CC-5013) is an immunomodulatory derivative of thalidomide and has more potent anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects than thalidomide. The molecular mechanisms of anti-tumor activity of lenalidomide have been extensively studied in multiple myeloma (MM) both preclinical models and in clinical trials. Lenalidomide: directly triggers growth arrest and/or apoptosis of drug resistant MM cells; inhibits binding of MM cells to bone marrow (BM) extracellular matrix proteins and stromal cells; modulates cytokine secretion and inhibits angiogenesis in the BM milieu; and augments host anti-tumor immunity. Lenalidomide achieved responses in patients with relapsed refractory MM. Moreover, lenalidomide with dexamethasone (Dex) demonstrates more potent anti-MM activities than Dex both in vitro and in randomized phase III clinical trials. Specifically, the combination improved overall and extent of response, as well as prolonged time to progression and overall survival, resulting in FDA approval of lenalidomide with Dex for therapy MM relapsing after prior therapy.