Extrachromosomal Circular DNAs: An Extra Piece of Evidence to Depict Tumor Heterogeneity | Zendy

Ishita Tandon | Zendy; Roshni Pal | Zendy; Jayanta K. Pal | Zendy; Nilesh Kumar Sharma | Zendy

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Extrachromosomal Circular DNAs: An Extra Piece of Evidence to Depict Tumor Heterogeneity

Author(s) -

Ishita Tandon,

Roshni Pal,

Jayanta K. Pal,

Nilesh Kumar Sharma

Publication year - 2019

Publication title -

future science oa

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 0.825

H-Index - 23

ISSN - 2056-5623

DOI - 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0024

Subject(s) - genome instability , extrachromosomal dna , biology , epigenomics , context (archaeology) , epigenetics , genetics , genome , chromosome instability , tumor microenvironment , cancer , computational biology , cancer cell , cancer research , dna damage , dna methylation , dna , gene , gene expression , paleontology , chromosome

The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises a heterogeneous number and type of cellular and noncellular components that vary in the context of molecular, genomic and epigenomic levels. The genotypic diversity and plasticity within cancer cells are known to be affected by genomic instability and genome alterations. Besides genomic instability within the chromosomal linear DNA, an extra factor appears in the form of extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs; 2–20 kbp) and microDNAs (200–400 bp). This extra heterogeneity within cancer cells in the form of an abundance of eccDNAs adds another dimension to the expression of procancer players, such as oncoproteins, acting as a driver for cancer cell survival and proliferation. This article reviews research into eccDNAs centering around cancer plasticity and hallmarks, and discusses these facts in light of therapeutics and biomarker development.

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