A Simple Dialysis Device for Large DNA Molecules

The potential of genomic DNA is realized when new modalities are invented that manipulate large DNAs with minimal breakage or loss of sample. Here, we describe a polydimethylsiloxane–polycarbonate membrane device to remove small molecules from a sample while retaining large DNAs. Dialysis rates dramatically change as DNA size in kb (M) increases and DNA dimensions become comparable to pore size, and chain characteristics go from rod-like to Gaussian. Consequently, we describe empirical rates of dialysis, R, as a function of M as falling into two regimes: DNAs ≤ 1 kb show R(M) ∼e - t/τ M (t = time, τ M  = time constant), while DNAs ≥1.65 kb slowly passage with R(M) ∼M -1.68 ; such partitioning potentiates single-molecule imaging.