China's Role in the Revived Bretton Woods System: A Case of Mistaken Identity

This paper argues that the way in which China is portrayed in the revived Bretton Woods thesis (BW2) is not consistent with several important trends in, and features of, the Chinese economy; nor does the strategy in the BW2 seem sensible for China's long-term economic development. Whether it is the behavior of China's real exchange rate, the costs of sterilizing large reserve inflows, the role that FDI plays in financing China's fixed asset investment, the participation of foreign firms in China's exports and in the ownership of export industries, or the political economy of trade protectionism in the United States, the BW2 does not provide a good explanation either for how China has behaved in the past or how it should behave in the future. We conclude that the BW2 does not provide a persuasive story for why large US current account deficits and undervalued Asian exchange rates can or should continue for the next decade or longer.