Traditional and Modern Cohabitation in Latin America: A Comparative Typology

The existence of cohabitation is a historical feature of nuptiality in Latin America. Traditionally, cohabitation was common in less developed regions, among the lower social classes. But today, its occurrence is increasing and in social groups and regions in which it was not common. The features of this latter type of cohabitation remain unclear. We differentiate types of cohabitation in Latin America on the basis of relationship context at its outset and its outcomes in terms of childbearing. The comparability of these types over countries is attested, as well as their evolution over time and the educational and age profiles of cohabitants. Demographic and Health Survey data for the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, for up to eight countries are analyzed by means of Multiple Group Latent Class Analysis. Three types of cohabitation are found. The traditional type includes young and lower educated women who start to cohabit during adolescence. They have more children at younger ages. The remaining two types of cohabitation included higher educated women and are considered modern. The innovative type groups women from all age groups, with fewer children born at a higher age and never as a single woman. The blended cohabitation refers to older women, who could negotiate a marriage, but they do not. They start to cohabit during adulthood, but always after single pregnancy. The persistence of historical trends is attested. It relates cohabitation to socioeconomic deprivation. However, two modern types of cohabitation also exist in Latin America, which are related to women’s independence.