Enlargement versus Deepening: The Trade-Off Facing Economic Unions

This paper analyzes the relationship between the size of an economic union and the degree of policy centralization. We consider a politi- cal economy setting in which elected representatives bargain over the degree of centralization within the union. In our model strategic del- egation affects the identity of the representatives and hence the equi- librium policy outcome. We show that the relationship between the size of the union and centralization may be non-monotonic: Up to a certain size enlargement leads to deeper integration, whereas beyond that size further enlargement implies less centralization. We also show that freezing the level of centralization and associate memberships can mitigate the trade-off.