Inequality, Polarization and Poverty in Nigeria

This study examines the impact of zonal differences on the distribution of per capita expenditure in terms of polarization, inequality and poverty. Data sources include the NCS 1996 and NLSS 2004. Analytical techniques used include Gini index and selected measures of polarization Dimensions around which polarization have taken place were analyzed following the identification-alienation framework. Simulation method was used to measure the impact of alternative policy measures on the level of poverty, inequality and polarization. The study reveals decline in the level of inequality and polarization in Nigeria Increasing level of identification indicates emerging level of bipolarization. The main dimensions of increasing polarization include zone, secondary education, unemployed people, sector and gender. It is inferred that intra zonal inequality-reducing policies will be more effective and efficient at reducing poverty. Egalitarian focused polices are suggested to reduce differences between polarization dimensions in order to forestall conflicts and social tension in Nigeria.