THE ROLE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUSIN THE CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETIC PATIENTS

Discovering interactions between the etiology of the infection and diabetic patients’ immune system activity may be essential for the relevant clinical diagnosis. The dynamics of colonization of the nasal vestibule by Staphylococcus aureus and the development of the prevention strategies against infection are different for various populations. Moreover, the colonization of the nasal vestibule might involve both molecular and epidemiological ctorsfa. Researchers have reported that the identification of methicillin-resistant strains S. aureus (MRSA) with similar molecular characteristics allows to assess the ability of the microorganism to spread and the risk of infection in diabetic patients. Knowledge of these characteristics allows to take precautions in patients exposed to S. aureus . S. aureus is an ethiological factors of many severe diseases both in people with weakened immune system and in healthy individuals. Usually, excess weight and obesity contribute to the incidence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). However, the colonization by S. aureus is a probable risk factor for infection. Among S. aureus virulence factors, superantigens (SAgs) are essential for pathogenicity. The long-term effect of the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) might be glucose intolerance. This toxin also induces systemic inflammation as a result of the increased exotoxin concentration in blood, and, therefore, may be the causative factor of diabetes. Chronic exposure to staphylococcal superantigens may contribute to the development of diabetes, suggesting a need to conduct targeted therapies against S. aureus superantigens. 1. Introduction. 2. Risk factors for infection in patients with diabetes. 2.1. Immunodeficiency. 2.2. Obesity 2.3. Staphylococcal carriage. 3. Staphylococcal infections in patients with diabetes. 3.1. Staphylococcal superantigens. 3.2. Skin and soft tissue infections. 3.3.Diabetic foot syndrome. 3.4. Sepsis. 3.5. Infective endocarditis. 3.6. Acute purulent meningitis. 4. Vaccination. 5. Conclusions