Coagulase-positive species of the genus Staphylococcus– taxonomy, pathogenicity

Staphylococci constitute an important component of the human microbiome. Most of them are coagulase-negative species, whose importance in the pathogenesis of human infections has been widely recognized and is being documented on a regular basis. Until recently, the only well-known coagulase-positive staphylococcus species recognized as human pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus . Previously, the ability to produce coagulase was used as its basic diagnostic feature, because other coagulase-positive species were associated with animal hosts. Progress in the laboratory medicine, in which automatic or semi-automatic systems identify the staphylococci species, revealed a phenomenon of spreading of the coagulase positive staphylococci to new niches and hosts, as they are being isolated from human clinical materials with increasing frequency. As a result, many reaserchers and laboratories have turned their attention to the phenomenon, which caused an inflow of new data on these species. An increasingly expansive pathogenic potential of coagulase-positive staphylococci against humans has been documented. In the presented study, recent data on both S. aureus and species previously considered to be animal, i.e. S. intermedius , S. pseudintermedius , S. delphini , S. lutrae , S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans , S. hyicus as well as newly described species S. agnetis , were shown. 1. Introduction. 2. Staphylococcal coagulase. 3. Staphylococcus aureus . 4. Staphylococcus intermedius Group species. 4.1. Staphylococcus intermedius . 4.2. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius . 4.3. Staphylococcus delphini . 5. Staphylococcus hyicus . 6. Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. coagulans . 7. Staphylococcus lutrae . 8. Staphylococcus agnetis . 9. Summary 1. Wstęp. 2. Koagulaza gronkowcowa. 3. Staphylococcus aureus . 4. Gronkowce grupy SIG. 4.1. Staphylococcus intermedius . 4.2. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius . 4.3. Staphylococcus delphini . 5. Staphylococcus hyicus . 6. Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. coagulans . 7. Staphylococcus lutrae . 8. Staphylococcus agnetis . 9. Podsumowanie