Information Operations as a Counter to US Air Dominance: A Rival's Perspective

: The purpose of this monograph is to answer the question of what lessons over the past ten years of US air operations have foreign militaries integrated into their doctrine and organizations to counter US air dominance. By examining the air campaigns in Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq through the lens of Chinese and Russians analysts, information operations has been the key lesson learned to counter US air dominance. From this analysis, some broader conclusions were made concerning the conduct IO in peace-time, the confusion surrounding IO terminology, the challenges of identifying deception in the targeting and operational analysis process, and the integration of IO and air superiority objectives within a campaign.