Efectos de la edad, el sexo y el contexto cultural en la disposición resiliente de los adolescentes de Paraguay y México

espanolLa problematica de salud mental adolescente en America Latina tiene denominadores comunes de riesgo y resiliencia, que demandan conocimiento y alternativas compartidas de abordaje. No se cuenta con suficientes evidencias relacionadas al tema, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio transversal fue identificar los efectos de la edad, el sexo y el contexto cultural en la disposicion resiliente de adolescentes paraguayos y mexicanos. Participaron 1,868 adolescentes escolarizados de Paraguay (N = 888) y de Mexico (N= 980), de 12 a 18 anos, quienes completaron los autoin-formes de Cedula Sociodemografica para Adolescentes y Familias (Barcelata, 2013), y el Inventario de Resiliencia (Gaxiola, Frias, Hurtado, Salcido, & Figueroa, 2011). Los resultados obtenidos con MANOVA muestran que los adolescentes de Paraguay presentan mayores niveles de resiliencia que los de Mexico en las escalas de sentido del humor y religiosidad (d = .11 y d = .16, respectivamente). Se sugiere fortalecer las relaciones intrafamiliares como escucha afectiva, apoyo social familiar y sentido de cohesion para ambas muestras. Importante e impostergable es que campanas de prevencion sean incorporadas a las politicas publicas de salud y educacion de los beneficiados, y que la cobertura de los mismos abarque otras areas de necesidad. EnglishEffects of age, sex and cultural context on resilient disposition in adolescents from Paraguay and Mexico. The issue of adolescents’ mental health in Latin America has common denominators of risk and resilience, and they demand a better knowledge and shared alternatives of approach. Since there is not enough information about the subject, the present article´s main objective is to identify the effect of age, sex, and cultural context of resilience in Paraguayan and Mexican adolescents. For this reason, a cross sectional, comparative field research is proposed. The participants were adolescents (N =1,868; from Paraguay n1= 888; from Mexico n2= 980) between 12 and 18 years old, who completed the Sociodemographic Form for Adolescents and Families (Barcelata, 2013), and the Resilience Inventory (Gaxiola, Frias, Hurtado, Salcido, & Figueroa, 2011). MANOVA results showed that adolescents from Paraguay have higher levels of resilience than those from Mexico in the subscales of sense of humor and spirituality (d = .11 and d = .16, respectively). However, in the nature of prevention and promotion, the results empathized the need to strengthen family relationships such as affective listening, family social support, and sense of cohesion in both samples. It is important and urgent to incorporate prevention campaigns into the public policies of health and education of the beneficiaries, and also highlight that the coverage of these should cover other areas of need.