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For the seismic behavior of a rock slope or more specifically a rock wedge, the limit equilibrium method is frequently utilized to determine the static and pseudo-static safety factor, and the Newmark method is usually applied to estimate the permanent dynamic displacement. However, the two methods are relatively complex, which negatively affects their usage in engineering practice. A new idea to analyze the static and dynamic stability of a complex rock slope was provided in this paper by combing the rigid discrete element method (DEM), shear strength reduction (SSR) method, and Newmark method. The research results show that (1) by setting the joint contact stiffness to a very large magnitude, the joint displacement caused by the reduction of joint contact stiffness during the SSR calculation process can be considered ignorable, making the contact behavior between the respective two joints approximately satisfy the rigid-plastic assumption. In this manner, it is feasible to calculate the static and pseudo-static safety factor (SF) and the permanent dynamic displacement of a rock wedge with the rigid DEM. (2) The SF and sliding forces of wedges can be directly calculated by this new method without any auxiliary assumption of motion direction or sliding type. Additionally, the new method is suitable for complex wedges, which is important to practical design. (3) The rigid DEM can be realized in 3DEC, which is testified in this paper by 5 classic static examples and 3 typical dynamic examples. (4) The effect of some important parameters, such as the excitation acceleration amplitude and dip of intersection line between two joints, on the dynamic displacement and SF under dynamic excitation was analyzed. The parameter analysis revealed that evaluating the seismic performance of a rock slope only with the pseudo-static SF would potentially underestimate the seismic displacement, under some special conditions. (5) An example case was presented in this paper that the seismic stability assessment of a block was performed with the proposed approach in terms of seismic displacement. And the slope reinforcement scheme was suggested with respect to exceedance probability. It is noted that the reinforcement scheme obtained from the rigid DEM has a better cost-saving benefit under the same SF. Overall, the knowledge gained in this paper may offer a new idea for the static and dynamic analysis to the rock slope stability.

DEM-Based Numerical Investigation of Seismic Stability of Rock Slope in Terms of Rigid Block Displacement