The impact of the Mississippi Improved Child Health Project on prenatal care and low birthweight.

A quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group design was used to evaluate the Improved Child Health Projects in northwest Mississippi (ICHP1 and ICHP2). Control counties were selected for each project that on average were similar to ICHP counties on racial composition, median family income in 1970 and 1980, and number of births in 1978-79. The study population comprised all resident births in the ICHP and control counties during a pre-ICHP period (1975-78) and the ICHP period (1979-81). The percentage of women with adequate prenatal care rose between the two periods for all counties; the rise was greater for the study than for the control counties for ICHP1; the reverse was found for ICHP2. For both projects, the low birthweight rate remained constant in the pre-ICHP and ICHP periods for the study and control counties. Adjustment for changes in the childbearing characteristics between the two periods did not alter these results. Community involvement in its development and coordination may explain ICHP1's impressive rise in the use of prenatal care.