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Thalassemia and myeloproliferative neoplasias (MPNs) are recognized as two separate diseases. Thalassemia is a hemolytic disease caused by abnormal goblin genes, which results in the deficiency of globin chains. MPNs are clonal hematopoietic stem cell diseases characterized by the proliferation of multiple myeloid lineages. The coexistence of thalassemia and myeloproliferative neoplasia are rarely reported. We herein describe a case of a 24-year-old woman, previously diagnosed as β-thalassemia, with a lifelong history of thrombocytosis. She was subsequently diagnosed as low-risk essential thrombocythemia (ET), one of the MPNs. The patient was treated with folic acid supplementation and Iron-chelating therapy, without aspirin or cytoreductive therapy. Up to date, no thrombotic events or disease-related bleeding are happening to the patient, who remains in good health. Furthermore, we found three novel genes mutations EP300, CUX1, and FGFR3 after next-generation sequencing. We presume that the mutations of these genes in β-thalassemia might have an impact on the happening of ET and therefore need further investigations.

Co-existence of myeloproliferative neoplasias and β-thalassemia with IVS-2-654 mutation—a case report