Consensus and controversy among severe pancreatitis surgery guidelines: a guideline evaluation based on the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool

The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate guidelines for surgery in patients with severe pancreatitis and to identify gaps limiting evidence-based medicine practice. A systematic search of databases and related websites was conducted to identify surgical guidelines for patients with severe pancreatitis. The quality of the included guidelines was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool. The similarities among key recommendations were compared, and the evidence supporting them was extracted and analysed. Seven surgical guidelines for patients with severe pancreatitis were included. Only two guidelines, those of the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) and the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), scored more than 60% for overall quality and were worthy of clinical recommendation. We found that the quality of the severe acute pancreatitis surgical guidelines have much room for improvement, especially in the field of application, the participation of stakeholders and editorial independence. The heterogeneity and causes of surgical recommendations were further analysed, and the latest evidence was retrieved. It was found that the surgical guidelines for severe pancreatitis lacked high-quality evidence, some of the recommendations were controversial, and evidence citation was unreasonable. The quality of surgical guidelines for patients with severe pancreatitis varies widely. In the past 5 years, the key recommendations of the surgical guidelines for severe pancreatitis have been somewhat consistent and controversial, and improvement in these existing problems and controversies will be an effective way for developers to upgrade the surgical guidelines for severe pancreatitis.