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Background:  To prospectively determine whether the quantitative imaging parameters derived from the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) can be used for the preoperative prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with highly aggressive characteristics. Methods:  One hundred and three patients with surgical-proven HCC were included from July 2015 to June 2018. Two independent reviewers measured signal intensity (SI) of liver and tumor, and quantitative parameters, including relative tumor enhancement (RTE), tumor to liver contrast ratio (TLR), tumor enhancement index (TEI), and relative enhancement ratio (RER) were calculated. The aggressive characteristics of HCC were identified by using the Ki-67 labeling index (LI), and patients were classified into low aggressive (Ki-67 LI ≤10%) and high aggressive (Ki-67 LI u003e10%) groups. The difference of quantitative parameters between two groups was assessed, and the correlation between quantitative parameters and Ki-67 LI was explored. Receiver operating characteristic analyses was used to evaluate the predictive performance of quantitative parameters. Results:  The values of RTE, TLR, TEI, and RER, were significantly lower in the highly aggressive group than low aggressive group (P Conclusions:  TLR showed the highest predictive performance in highly aggressive HCC. Quantitative parameters based on HBP could preoperatively predict the aggressiveness of HCC.

annals of translational medicine

Preoperative prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma with highly aggressive characteristics using quantitative parameters derived from hepatobiliary phase MR images