Meme kanseri riskinin beslenme ile ilişkili faktörler açısından değerlendirilmesi/The evaluation of risk of breast cancer from the perspective of nutritional factors

Ozet Bu calismanin amaci, meme kanseri riskinin beslenme ile iliskili faktorler acisindan degerlendirilmesidir. Gelismis ulkelerde onemli bir Halk Sagligi sorunu olan meme kanserinin, gelismekte olan ulkelerde de dogumda beklenen yasam suresinin uzamasi ve batili yasam biciminin benimsenmesi sonucu insidansi artmaktadir. Yasam bicimi davranislarinin ozellikle de beslenmenin, kronik hastaliklarla olan iliskisinin belirlenmesi ile birlikte, gelismis ve gelismekte olan ulkelerdeki kadinlarda en sik gorulen kanser olan meme kanserinde, beslenme ile iliskili faktorlerin etkisini degerlendirmek amaciyla gecerli veri tabanlari ve arama motorlarina “meme kanseri biyolojisi”, “meme kanseri prevalansi”, “meme kanseri ve risk faktorleri”, “meme kanseri ve beslenme” anahtar sozcukleri girilerek tam metnine ulasilabilen ilgili makaleler calisma kapsamina alinmistir. Meme kanseri, cok nedenli bir saglik sorunudur. Erken menars, nulliparite, ilk dogumun gec yaslarda yapilmasi, kisa sureli emzirme, gec menopoz degistirilmesi guc olan temel risk faktorleri olup, meme kanserinin % 25’inden sorumludur. Bu faktorlerin yani sira obezite, fiziksel inktivite, beslenme ve diyet gibi degistirilebilir risk faktorleri de hastaligin ortaya cikmasini etkilemektedir. Korunma acisindan degerlendirildiginde, birincil koruma kapsaminda saglikli beslenme, ozellikle hormon bagimli kanserler basta olmak uzere kanser riskini azaltmaktadir. Beslenme, kardiyometabolik hastaliklarla da iliskili olup, meme kanseri gelisiminde de rol oynamaktadir. Bu konuda bazi onemli sonuclara ulasilmis olsa da, beslenme ve meme kanseri arasindaki karmasik iliskilerin aydinlatilmasi icin, ileriye donuk genis kapsamli calismalara gereksinim bulunmaktadir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Meme kanseri, risk faktorleri, beslenme ile iliskili faktorler Abstract This study evaluated the risk of breast cancer from the perspective of nutritional factors. Breast cancer, is a major Public Health problem in developed countries, its incidence is also on the rise in developing countries as a result of increased life expectancies at birth and the adoption of more western lifestyles. After the identification of the influences of lifestyle behaviors, particularly the influence of nutritional habits on chronic diseases, the role of nutritional factors in breast cancer was evaluated since this is one of the most frequently observed cancers in women in developed and developing countries. The key words “biology of breast cancer”, “prevalence of breast cancer”, “breast cancer and risk factors”, “breast cancer and nutrition” were searched in the validated data bases and search engines and then the relevant accessible full text studies were taken into consideration. Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease. Early menarche, nulliparity, first delivery at late ages, short duration of breast-feeding and late menopause are the major unmodifiable risk factors which account for 25% of the breast cancers. In addition to these factors, the modifiable risk factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, nutrition and diet may influence the development of breast cancer. According to the perspective of primary prevention, healthy nutrition decreases the incidence of cancers, especially the hormone-dependent cancers. Nutrition is also associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and it plays a role in the development of breast cancer. To reveal the complicated relationships between nutrition and breast cancer, comprehensive prospective studies are needed. Key Words: Breast cancer, risk factors, nutritional factors