Predictors of hormonal and metabolic disorders of arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus comorbidity

Aim: These experiments studied adipokine and interleukin imbalances during the development and progression of metabolic disorders in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Ninety-five patients with stage II second degree AH (53 males and 42 females, mean age 54.7 ± 5.4 years) were observed. The cohort was separated into: group 1 (n = 48) patients with AH and group 2 (n = 47) patients with both AH and T2DM. Serum protein levels of omentin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), resistin, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, and IL-6 were measured. Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism rates were assessed. Results: Peak homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index values, as well as circulating insulin and CRP levels, were observed in group 2. Reduced adiponectin levels negatively correlated with HOMA-IR indices (r = -0.52, P < 0.05), triglycerides (r = -0.52, P < 0.05), glucose levels (r = -0.44, P < 0.05), body mass indices (r = -0.44, P < 0.05), and HbA1c levels (r = -0.57, P < 0.01). Group 2 patients demonstrated low omentin levels and high resistin and TNF-α levels. Negative correlations between IL-6 and both omentin and adiponectin (r = -0.46, P < 0.01; r = -0.42, P < 0.01, respectively) were observed. Conclusion: A novel pathogenic link was demonstrated between metabolic disorders, adipokines, and pro-inflammatory IL-6 levels as negative regulators of comorbid AH and T2DM.