MONDROS MÜTAREKESİ’NDEN YUNAN İŞGALİNE BATI ANADOLU’DA EŞKIYALIK VE ASAYİŞİ SAĞLAMA ÇABALARI (BANDITRY FROM MUDROS ARMISTICE TO INVASION OF WESTERN ANATOLIA AND THE EFFORTS TO PROVIDE PUBLIC ORDER)

Oz: Anadolu cografyasinda yasamis olan insanlarin sosyal tarihine bakilirsa eskiyaligin yuzlerce yillik bir gecmisinin oldugu gorulecektir. Bununla birlikte Osmanli Devleti’nde, ozellikle 19. yuzyilin ikinci yarisinda kurumsallasmaya baslayan eskiyalik olaylari, 20. yuzyilin basinda tasradaki en onemli guvenlik sorunu haline geldi. Birinci Dunya Savasi’nin kendine ozgu kosullari ise eskiyalik sorununu daha da kroniklestirdi. 30 Ekim 1918 tarihinde imzalanan Mondros Mutarekesi’yle birlikte bir yandan Itilaf Devletleri’nin isgalleri baslarken diger yandan eskiyalik olaylari devam etmekteydi. Bu surecte galip devletlerin yeni isgallerine gerekce vermek istemeyen Osmanli devlet adamlari, kirsalda asayisi saglamak amaciyla eskiya ve asker firarileri icin af cikardi. Bunun yani sira Bati Anadolu’da asayisin saglanmasi icin devlet ricali daha once eskiya ile ozdes gordugu zeybeklerin dagdan inmesi icin buyuk caba sarf etti. Mutareke Donemi’nde devletin butun cabalarina ragmen onlenemeyen eskiyalik olaylari Bati Anadolu kirsalinda yasayan insanlarin can ve mal guvenlikleri acisindan baslica tehdit haline geldi. Soz konusu olaylar bolgenin iktisadi yasamini da olumsuz etkiledi. Osmanli Devleti’nin butun cabalara ragmen eskiyalik olaylarinin onune gecememesinin temel nedeni Mondros Mutarekesi’nin Osmanli ordusuna ve kolluk kuvvetlerine getirdigi kisitlamalardi. Abstract: Considering the social history of people who lived in Anatolia, it can be seen that banditry has hundreds years of history. In addition to this, at the beginning of the institutionalization of the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the 19th century, banditry incidents became the most important security issue in general. The circumstances of the First World War brought more chronic problems of banditry. While the Allied forces began their invasion after the Armistice of Mudros was signed in 1918, banditry incidents were still going on. In this process, Ottoman statesmen did not want to state the reason for the new occupations of the winners, so they declared an amnesty for thugs and army deserters in order to ensure peace in the countryside. Additionally, it was made great effort to ensure peace in Anatolia and to set down the Zeibeks who were seen as identical with the bandits previously. As they could not be prevented despite all efforts, banditry incidents became the main threat to people living in rural areas of Western Anatolia in terms of life and safety. These events also negatively affected the economic life of the region. The basic reason for not being able to prevent banditry incidents despite all efforts was the restrictions imposed by the Armistice of Mudros to the Ottoman Army and police forces.