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Abstrak : Penambangan timah di Indonesia pada umumnya dilakukan dengan sistem terbuka dengan mengeruk dan merusak tanah lapisan atas sehingga mempengaruhi kesesuaian lahan untuk pertanian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari karakteristik tanah dan biofisik lahan di areal bekas tambang timah di Pulau Bangka dan Belitung serta menilai kesesuaiannya untuk tanaman pertanian. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2016 dengan metode survei dan pemetaan lahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lahan bekas tambang di kedua pulau tersebut seluas 125.875 ha. Telah terjadi perubahan bentang lahan, yaitu dengan terbentuknya kolong dan timbunan hasil galian. Timbunan galian dibagi menjadi: (1) Tanah galian bagian atas (tanah pucuk), merupakan campuran antara horison A, B dan horison C tanah asli, (2) Tanah galian bagian bawah berasal dari horison C tanah asli, (3) Tailing berupa pasir kuarsa dan sisa pencucian biji timah, dan (4) Campuran tailing dan galian bagian bawah. T ailing dicirikan oleh tekstur kasar dan kandungan hara yang sangat rendah. Tanah pucuk relatif lebih baik dicirikan oleh tekstur sedang sampai agak kasar, dan kandungan C -organik serta hara paling tinggi dibandingkan bagian lainnya. Logam berat yang ditemukan adalah Cu , Pb , Cd , dan Hg . Tanah galian bagian bawah mengandung logam berat paling tinggi, namun kandungan tersebut tergolong sangat rendah dan dalam batas yang aman. Sebagian besar lahan bekas tambang tergolong kelas N1 (tidak sesuai saat ini) karena lahan sudah mengalami degradasi berat. Masukan yang diberikan harus tinggi, agar tanaman yang dibudidayakan dapat tumbuh secara optimal. Abstract. Tin mining in Indonesia is generally done with an open system by dredging and damaging the topsoil, and hence it changes land suitability. The purpose of this research is to study soil and biophysical characteristics of land in ex-tin mining area in Bangka and Belitung Islands and assess its suitability for agricultural crops. The study was conducted from March to May 2016 with survey and land mapping methods. The results showed that the area of ex-mining land on both islands was 125,875 ha. There has been tremendous changes of the landscape, with the formation of small lakes (voids) and pile of excavation. Heaps of the excavation are: (1) Top soil containing the mixture of horizons A, B and C of the original soil, (2) The bottom part which was derived from C horizon of the original soil, (3) Tailings of quartz sand resulted from washing separating the sand and the ore, and (4) Mixture of tailings and bottom part of soil excavation. Tailing is poorest in fertility and characterized by coarse texture and very low nutrient content. The ‘top soil’ layer is relatively better and characterized by moderate to slightly coarse textures, and the highest in organic and nutrient content than other parts. The heavy metals found were Cu, Pb, Cd, and Hg. The bottom part of excavation contains the highest heavy metals, but the content was within the acceptable limits. Land suitability assessment shows that most of the ex-mining land is classified as N1 (Currently Not Suitable) because the land has experienced severe degradation. The input should be high, so that the cultivated plants can grow optimally.

Lahan Bekas Tambang Timah di Pulau Bangka dan Belitung, Indonesia dan Kesesuaiannya untuk Komoditas Pertanian (Ex-mining land in Bangka and Belitung Islands, Indonesia and their suitability for agricultural commodities)