Bilateral neurotoxic lesions in NCM before tutoring onset do not prevent successful tutor song learning

Sensorimotor learning crucially depends on the ability to acquire a sensory memory for shaping motor commands. Such learning is conveniently studied in young songbirds when they memorize the song of an adult singer and gradually transform their own vocalizations toward the memorized target song. Here we study the involvement of the Caudal Medial Nidopallium (NCM), a higher auditory cortical area, in acquisition of a song memory. NCM has previously been shown to be involved in tutor song memorization. To study the necessity of NCM in this process, we perform large irreversible NCM lesions using ibotenic acid injections in about 40-days old juvenile zebra finches, before their first exposure to tutor song. Surprisingly, NCM-lesioned juveniles successfully copied the tutor song at least as well as untreated control animals, showing that a fully intact NCM is not required for tutor song memory formation and normal song development.