Violence and its variants in nurses: A review article

Background and Purpose: Violence is defined as unnecessary hostile behavior in clinical environments, which may lead to psychological abuse by colleagues. This systematic review aimed to evaluate violence and its associated factors among nurses. Methods: In this study, we searched for articles and patented documentations published until December 2014 via databases such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, Iranian Journal Database (Magiran), Scientific Information Database (SID), IranMedex and Iranian Biomedical Journal. Using keywords such as violence, horizontal violence, lateral violence, prevalence, predisposing factors and bullying, we found 84 articles out of 19,000 search results. Results: Violence has a variable definition in different cultures. Violent behavior in clinical environments is influenced by factors such as age, gender, work experience, work shifts, working hours and employment status of medical staff. In nurses, violence could lead to adverse outcomes, such as physical and psychological damages. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, male and younger nurses are more frequently exposed to violent behavior compared to female and elder nurses. Therefore, nurses should be informed on the adverse effects of violent behavior. In this regard, authorities and management of medical centers should show zero tolerance for violent behaviors on behalf of nursing staff.