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Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is one of the most challenging tumors for medical oncologists, with a high rate of recurrence after initial resection. In this study, a recurrent STS-specific competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network including seven recurrence and overall survival (OS)-associated genes (LPP-AS2, MUC1, GAB2, hsa-let-7i-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR-101-3p and hsa-miR-1226-3p) was established based on the gene expression profiling of 259 primary sarcomas and 3 local recurrence samples from the TCGA database. The algorithm "cell type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT)" was applied to estimate the fraction of immune cells in sarcomas. Based on 5 recurrence and OS-associated immune cells (NK cells activated, dendritic cells resting, mast cells resting, mast cells activated and macrophages M1), we constructed a recurrent STS-specific immune cells network. Both nomograms were identified to have good reliabilities (Area Under Curve (AUC) of 5-year survival is 0.724 and 0.773, respectively). Then the co-expression analysis was performed to identify the potential regulation network among recurrent STS-specific immune cells and ceRNAs. Hsa-miR-1226-3p and MUC1 were significantly correlated and dendritic cells resting was related to hsa-miR-1226-3p. Additionally, the expression of MUC1 and dendritic cell marker CD11c were also verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay and multidimensional databases. In conclusion, this study illustrated the potential mechanism of hsa-miR-1226-3p regulating MUC1 and dendritic cells resting might play an important role in STS recurrence. These findings might provide potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for recurrent STS.

The construction and analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cell and ceRNA networks in recurrent soft tissue sarcoma