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Background and Purpose:   The present study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of  Carum carvi  essential oil (EO) against  ERG6  gene expression in relation to fungal growth and some important virulence factors in  Candida albicans .    Materials and Methods:   The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of  C. carvi  EO against  C. albicans  was determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A4 method at a concentration range of 20-1280 μg/ml. Furthermore, the expression of  ERG6  gene was studied at the 0.5× MIC concentration of  C. carvi  EO using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The proteinase and phospholipase activities, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), and cell membrane ergosterol (CME) content of  C. albicans  were also assessed at the 0.5× MIC concentration of the plant EO using the approved methods. In addition, fluconazole (FLC) was used as a control antifungal drug.    Results:   The results indicated that the MIC and minimum fungicidal concentration of  C. carvi  EO for  C. albicans  growth were 320 and 640 μg/ml, respectively. The expression of fungal  ERG6  at an mRNA level and ergosterol content of yeast cells were significantly decreased by both  C. carvi  EO (640 μg/ml) and FLC (2 μg/ml). The proteinase and phospholipase activities were also reduced in  C. carvi  EO by 49.82% and 53.26%, respectively, while they were inhibited in FLC-treated cultures by 27.72% and 34.67%, respectively. Furthermore, the CSH was inhibited in EO- and FLC-treated cultures by 12.75% and 20.80%, respectively.    Conclusion:   Our findings revealed that  C. carvi  EO can be considered a potential natural compound in the development of an efficient antifungal agent against  C. albicans .

Effect of Carum carvi essential oil on ERG6 gene expression and virulence factors in Candida albicans