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Background and Purpose:   Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is one of the most common gynecological conditions in healthy and diabetic women, as well as antibiotic users. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between  TUP1  gene expression patterns and symptomatic recurrent  C. albicans  infections    Materials and Methods:   This research was performed on  C. albicans  samples isolated from the vaginal specimens obtained from 31 individuals with  RVVC  in 2016. The reference strain  C. albicans  ATCC 10231, 10  C. albicans  strains isolated from minimally symptomatic patients, and 10 isolates from asymptomatic patients were also used as control strains. The relative mRNA expression of the  TUP1  gene was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR)    Results:   The QRT-PCR results revealed that  TUP1  mRNA expression was significantly decreased (0.001-0.930 fold) in the  C. albicans  isolates obtained from RVVC patients ( P <0.001). However, no  TUP1  expression was detectable in the isolates collected from asymptomatic patients. The results also indicated a significant correlation between  TUP1  mRNA expression level and the severity of itching and discharge ( P <0.001)    Conclusion:   The present results were suggestive of the probable contribution of  TUP1 , as a part of the transcriptional repressor, to the severity of the symptoms related to  C. albicans  infections in the vagina. Regarding this, it is required to perform more in vivo studies using a larger sample size to characterize the regulatory or stimulatory function of  TUP1  in the severity of RVVC symptoms. Furthermore, the study and identification of the genes involved in the severity of the symptomatic manifestations of  C. albicans , especially in resistant strains, may lead to the recognition of an alternative antifungal target to enable the development of an effective agent

Does alternation of Candida albicans TUP1 gene expression affect the progress of symptomatic recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis?