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Particles generated from numerous anthropogenic and/or natural sources, such as crystalline α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, have the potential to damage lung cells. In our study we investigated the effects of these nanoparticles (12.5 µg/ml) on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidative system in MRC-5 lung fibroblast cells following exposure for 24, 48 or 72h. Exposure to α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles increased lipid peroxidation by 81%, 189% and 110% after 24, 48 and 72h, respectively. Conversely, the reduced glutathione concentration decreased by 23.2% and 51.4% after 48 and 72h of treatment, respectively. In addition, an augmentation of the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase and glutathione reductase within the interval between 48-72h was noticed. Taking into account that the reduced glutathione level decreased and the malondialdehyde level, a lipid peroxidation product, remained highly increased up to 72h of exposure, it would appear that the MRC-5 antioxidant defense mechanisms did not efficiently counteract the oxidative stress induced by exposure to hematite nanoparticles.

Depletion of intracellular glutathione and increased lipid peroxidation mediate cytotoxicity of hematite nanoparticles in MRC-5 cells.