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Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy has a large impact on cancer treatment but the rate of positive treatment outcomes  is 40-45% and depends on many factors. One of the factors affecting the outcome of immunotherapy is the gut microbiota  composition. This effect has been demonstrated both in model objects and in clinical patients groups. However, in order  to identify clear causal relationships between microbiota and anti-PD1 immunotherapy response, it is necessary  to expand the number of patients and experimental samples. This work presents an analysis of metagenomic  data obtained using whole-genome sequencing of stool samples from melanoma patients (n=45) with different  responses to anti-PD1 therapy. The analysis of the differential representation of microbial species has shown  a difference in the composition of the microbiota between the experimental groups. Results of this study indicate  existence of a strong link between the composition of the gut microbiota and the outcome of anti-PD1 therapy.  Expansion of similar research may help develop additional predictive tools for the outcome of anti-PD1 cancer  immunotherapy, as well as increase its effectiveness.

Intestinal microbiome as a predictor of the anti-PD-1 therapy success: metagenomic data analysis