Yozgat İlinin Jeotermal Kaynakları ve Özellikleri

Ozet. Dunyada nufusun hizli artisi ve sanayilesmenin 18. yuzyilin son ceyreginden itibaren gelismesiyle birlikte, enerjiye olan gereksinim de o oranda artmaya baslamistir. Enerji ihtiyacini karsilayabilmek icin komur, petrol ve dogalgaz gibi fosil yakitlar enerji hammaddesi olarak giderek artan miktarlarda kullanilir hale gelmistir. Bunun sonucu olarak dunyada 20. yuzyilin ikinci yarisindan itibaren asiri fosil yakit kullanimindan kaynaklanan cevre kirlenmesi gundeme gelmeye baslamistir. 1970’li yillarin basindan itibaren de dunyada cevre kirlenmesinin varligi herkes tarafindan kabul edilmistir. Cevre kirlenmesinin kisa surede ileri boyutlara varacagi endisesiyle fosil yakitlara alternatif olmak uzere, cevre kirlenmesi olusturmayan ya da en az cevre kirlenmesi olusturan enerji kaynaklarina yonelinmeye b aslanmistir. Bu enerji kaynaklari gunes, ruzgâr, deniz dalgasi ve akintisi, gel-git olaylari, nukleer ve jeotermal enerji kaynaklaridir. Turkiye basta gunes enerjisi olmak uzere, ruzgâr ve jeotermal enerji kaynaklarindan yararlanma potansiyeli yuksek olan bir ulkedir. Turkiye zengin jeotermal enerji kaynaklari yonunden yillik 31.500 MWt tahmin edilen kapasitesi ile dunyanin 5. ulkesidir. Turkiye’de 200’e yakin jeotermal sahasi bulunmaktadir. Jeotermal kaynaklari, sicaklik derecelerine bagli olarak konut isitmada, termal otelcilik ve turizm de, elektrik uretimi ve sanayi ile seracilikta kullanilmaktadir. Yozgat cografi konumu ve jeolojik ozelliklerinden dolayi jeotermal potansiyeli fazla bir ildir. Gecmiste sadece kaplica olarak faydalanilan jeotermal sularin, gunumuzde konut isitma ve seracilikta giderek artan oranlarda daha teknik ve modern tesisler kurularak kullanilmaktadir. Jeotermal kaynaklarin entegre tesisler kurularak kullanilmasi ve isletilmesi Yozgat ekonomisine onemli katki saglayacaktir. Yozgat Merkez Catakbogazi, Bogazliyan, Saraykent, Sarikaya, Sorgun ve Yerkoy ilcelerinde jeotermal kaynaklarinda konut isitma, termal turizm ve seracilik gibi faaliyetlerde kullanilmaktadir. Ayrica Aydincik (Toraman Koyu), Cayiralan (Sobecimer ve Baglar mevki), Cekerek (Bayirhoyuk ve Gonulyurdu Koyleri) Kadisehri (Hamampinari) ve Şefaatli (Armagan Koyu) Ilcelerinde 2011 yilinda, Yenifakili Ilcesi’nde ise 2012’de ruhsatlari alinmis jeotermal alanlar bulunmaktadir.Bu literatur calismasinda dunyada ve Turkiye’de enerji ihtiyacinin gelisimi kisa olarak aciklandiktan sonra, Turkiye’de alternatif enerji kaynaklarindan biri olan jeotermal enerji kaynaklari ve Yozgat Il’inde jeotermal kaynaklarin bulunduklari alanlarda 29 ila 85 C o arasinda olan kuyularin yerleri ve ozellikleri ile kaynaklardan yararlanma cesitleri bir program cercevesinde aciklanmaya calisilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Jeotermal Kaynak, Yozgat, Termal Turizm, Enerji, Seracilik Abstract. As a consequence of rapid population growth around the world and the development of industrialization by the last quarter of the 18 th century, the demand for energy has begun to increase at that rate. The fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas have been increasingly employed as energy raw materials to meet the demand. Eventually, the environmental pollution has come into question by the second half of the 20 th century as a result of excessive consumption of fossil fuels. The presence of environmental pollution in the world has been accepted by everyone since the beginning of the 1970s. As alternatives of fossil fuels, it has been headed towards new energy resources which do not pollute the environment or form the least pollution concerning rapid and severe environmental pollution. These energy resources are sun, wind, sea waves and flows, tidal, nuclear and geothermal energy. Turkey is a country with high potential of benefitting from particularly the solar energy as well as wind and geothermal energy resources. Turkey is the 5 th country in the world regarding its rich geothermal energy resources with an estimated annual capacity of 31.500 MWt. A total of approximately 200 geothermal fields exist in Turkey. The geothermal resources are primarily used for residential heating, thermal tourism, power generation, industry and greenhouse farming in accordance with the temperature rate. The province of Yozgat has a significant geothermal potential with respect to its geographic location and geological characteristics. Although the geothermal water was merely used for spa purposes in the past, it is now progressively employed in residential heating and greenhouse farming by constructing more technical and modern plants. The use and operation of geothermal resources in integrated facilities will provide an important contribution to the economy of Yozgat. The geothermal resources are employed for residential heating, thermal tourism and greenhouse farming in central Yozgat as well as the districts of Catakbogazi, Bogazliyan, Saraykent, Sarikaya, Sorgun and Yerkoy. On the other hand, there are geothermal fields licensed in 2011 around Aydincik (Toraman village), Cayiralan (Sobecimer and Baglar location), Cekerek (Bayirhoyuk and Gonulyurdu villages), Kadisehri (Hamampinari) and Şefaatli (Armagan village) districts, and in Yenifakili district licensed in 2012. In this literature study, having briefly described the development of energy demand in the world and in Turkey, the geothermal energy as an alternative energy supply in Turkey and the geothermal fields in Yozgat the locations and properties of wells a water temperature between 29 and 85 C o in the geothermal fields of Yozgat province as well as the types of resource utilization are explained within a framework. Keywords: Geothermal Resource, Yozgat, Thermal Tourism, Energy, Greenhouse Farming Abstract. As a consequence of rapid population growth around the world and the development of industrialization by the last quarter of the 18 th century, the demand for energy has begun to increase at that rate. The fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas have been increasingly employed as energy raw materials to meet the demand. Eventually, the environmental pollution has come into question by the second half of the 20 th century as a result of excessive consumption of fossil fuels. The presence of environmental pollution in the world has been accepted by everyone since the beginning of the 1970s. As alternatives of fossil fuels, it has been headed towards new energy resources which do not pollute the environment or form the least pollution concerning rapid and severe environmental pollution. These energy resources are sun, wind, sea waves and flows, tidal, nuclear and geothermal energy. Turkey is a country with high potential of benefitting from particularly the solar energy as well as wind and geothermal energy resources. Turkey is the 5 th country in the world regarding its rich geothermal energy resources with an estimated annual capacity of 31.500 MWt. A total of approximately 200 geothermal fields exist in Turkey. The geothermal resources are primarily used for residential heating, thermal tourism, power generation, industry and greenhouse farming in accordance with the temperature rate. The province of Yozgat has a significant geothermal potential with respect to its geographic location and geological characteristics. Although the geothermal water was merely used for spa purposes in the past, it is now progressively employed in residential heating and greenhouse farming by constructing more technical and modern plants. The use and operation of geothermal resources in integrated facilities will provide an important contribution to the economy of Yozgat. The geothermal resources are employed for residential heating, thermal tourism and greenhouse farming in central Yozgat as well as the districts of Catakbogazi, Bogazliyan, Saraykent, Sarikaya, Sorgun and Yerkoy. On the other hand, there are geothermal fields licensed in 2011 around Aydincik (Toraman village), Cayiralan (Sobecimer and Baglar location), Cekerek (Bayirhoyuk and Gonulyurdu villages), Kadisehri (Hamampinari) and Şefaatli (Armagan village) districts, and in Yenifakili district licensed in 2012. In this literature study, having briefly described the development of energy demand in the world and in Turkey, the geothermal energy as an alternative energy supply in Turkey and the geothermal fields in Yozgat the locations and properties of wells a water temperature between 29 and 85 C o in the geothermal fields of Yozgat province as well as the types of resource utilization are explained within a framework. Keywords: Geothermal Resource, Yozgat, Thermal Tourism, Energy, Greenhouse Farming