Exploring the issues of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis and sexually assaulted individuals

Sexual assault (SA) is a major health problem in the United States. Sustaining a sexual assault can have negative health consequence including the possible transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The only method in preventing HIV transmission in sexually assaulted individuals is with the prompt administration and completing of a 28-day course of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), however there have been noted healthcare disparities and healthcare outcomes regarding HIV PEP and sexually assaulted individuals. The goal of this dissertation is to provide insight in the scope of the problem, factors that may be contributing to non-adherence of PEP among SA individuals and information healthcare professional need. Chapter one is a meta-analysis examining four points of care related to SA individuals and HIV PEP within the United States. This meta-analysis highlights the rates of PEP that is offered to SA individuals, SA individuals accepting PEP, SA individuals who completed at least one follow-up visit and SA individuals who completed an entire 28-day course of PEP. Chapter two is a retrospective chart review exploring ecological factors that may impact SA females who present to one of two hospitals after a SA and accepted PEP. This study examines various factors guided by ecological theory. Study finding include significant relationship between the variables of completing a 28-day course of nPEP and education level, employment, insurance, when tongue-mouth penetration occurred and the presence of vaginal injuries. Chapter three is a document analysis exploring information that healthcare professionals need to enhance care regarding SA individuals and HIV post-exposure prophylaxis. Findings provide recommendations for future research, and strategies that need to be developed in selected areas to improve healthcare delivery. Running Head: HIV PEP AND SEXUALLY ASSAULTED INDIVIDUALS 4